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Nili Ravi/Pakistan/ Habitat: The hometract of the Nili-Ravi buffalo includes Lahore, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Okara, Sahiwal, Pakpattan and Vehari districts of Central Punjab; and Multan and parts of Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar districts of southern Punjab. However, because of their well-recognized dairy qualities, these animals are now found all over the country. Nili-Ravi 'buffaloes are in great demand in several other countries as well. Nili and Ravi were recognized as separate breeds until 1960's when merging of the two breeds was accepted in the form of Nili-Ravi breed. ► Nili Ravi ► Kundhi ► Azi-Kheli Physical Characteristics: These buffaloes are massive, somewhat wedge-shaped animals. They are mostly black, but often have white markings on the forehead, face, and muzzle, and lower parts of the legs. Due to which it is called “Panj Kalyan”. The tail switch is often white. They have all curly horns, wall eyes, and a large and strong udder. Males attain maturity at the age of 30 months, and females at 36 months. Average age at first calving is 1390 days Milk yield is 1800-2500 litres per lactation (322 days) with 6.5% butter fat. Adult males weigh 550-650 kg, while females weigh 350-450 Kg. Males may be used for draught purposes, especially for preparing land for paddy cultivation and are a good source of beef. White markings extending above hock and knee and over the neck and body constitute a serious disqualification